Citation Help
When writing a research paper, it is necessary to
give credit to others when presenting information or ideas that are
not our own. By letting readers know precisely where we found such
information, we avoid the risk of
plagiarism, or using someone else’s words or ideas and
presenting them as our own. To let readers know when we present the
words and ideas of others, we include citations in our paper.
In
order to ensure the systematic and orderly representation of
citations, style guides have been published by various institutions
that show how they should be presented. It is necessary to follow
specific guidelines when creating citations so that you have an
easier time of organizing your sources and also so your readers
(instructor, classmates, etc.) are given a clear picture of where
you found the information being presented.
The
two most widely used style guides are published by the Modern
Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological
Association (APA). If your instructor has a preference for which
guide to use it may be notated on the course syllabus; if not, you
may need to ask your instructor. Other popular style guides include
Chicago and Turabian.
To
continue, please select from the following
list:
MLA – Modern Language Association Style
APA – American Psychological Association Style
Chicago Style
Turabian Style
Frequently Asked Questions
MLA – Modern
Language Association Style
The Modern Language Association
(MLA) style is most widely used for papers published in the liberal
arts and humanities fields. The information in this section is taken
from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th
ed., which can be located in the Grossmont College Library with
call number LB 2369 G53 at the Reference Desk and in Reserves;
it is also available for purchase at
the beginning of the semester at the Grossmont College Bookstore. For questions not addressed here, please refer to the MLA Handbook for
Writers of Research Papers, or
ask a librarian.
Getting Started
There are two parts to
creating a citation in the MLA style. The first part of creating a
citation is making a brief note in parentheses in the text of your
paper (called an in-text citation) to show when you use words or
ideas taken from another source. MLA style requires the use of
parentheses to cite sources rather than footnotes or endnotes. To
cite information, include the author’s name in the text of your
paper or in parentheses, and the specific page number of where the
information is located in parentheses. The following two examples
illustrate these two options:
Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to
Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC (Marcuse 197).
[In
this example, both author’s name and page number are placed in
parentheses.]
According to Balling (712), the horrors of climate change in Canada
will become more obvious after the year 2012.
[In this example, the author’s name is used in the text, so only the
page number is placed in parentheses.]
The brief note in parentheses,
or “in-text citation”, alerts the reader that we found the
information presented in this sentence in a source written by
someone with the last name Marcuse, and that the specific
page of the source is page 197.
The second part of
creating a citation is providing specific information about each
in-text citation at the end of your paper. By giving the readers of
your paper the author, title, and publication information of
each source, you provide them with necessary information they will
need to access the same materials. This step also helps create a
record of the research you did.
This additional information should be listed on
the last page of your paper and titled “Works Cited”. The entries on
this page, as well as the body of your paper, should be double-spaced. In the
following example of a Works Cited page based on the in-text
citations above, notice that authors are listed in alphabetical
order by last name and that if a citation is more than one line
additional lines are indented:
Works Cited
Balling, Robert. “Hard Choices: Climate Change in Canada.”
Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 95.3 (2005):
712-713. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Grossmont College
Lib., El Cajon, CA. 29 February 2008 <http://www.ebscohost.com/>.
Marcuse, Sybil. A Survey of Musical Instruments. New York:
Harper, 1975.
The MLA style guide provides specific instructions on how to
format the citations in the Works Cited page for different types of sources
used. Formats with examples of common sources you may cite are below. While
these are merely a few types of common sources to point you in the right
direction, there are more listed in the linked materials at the bottom of this
page. If you have further questions, please consult the MLA Handbook for
Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed., which can be located in the
Grossmont College Library with call number LB 2369 G53 at the
Reference Desk and in Reserves. You may also
ask a librarian.
SELECTED FORMATS IN MLA
STYLE:
Book Format (with one author)
Take the title from the title
page, not from the spine or cover. Publication information
should also be taken from the title page or from the back
of the title page. The author’s name should be
reversed: Last Name, First Name.
Author (Last Name, First Name). Title of Book. Place of
Publication: Publisher, Year.
Skidmore, Thomas.
Modern Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Book Format (with two or more authors)
List the names in the order in which
they appear on the title page. Only the first author’s name
should be reversed: Last Name, First Name. For all subsequent
authors, list the first name first (e.g. First Name, Last Name). Use
a comma between authors’ names, use “and” before and a period after
the last author’s name.
First Author (Last Name, First Name), Second Author (First Name,
Last Name). Title of
Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.
Eggins, Suzanne, and
Diana Slade. Analysing Casual Conversation. London: Cassell,
1997.
Merk, Jane S., Ida J. Fogg, and
Charles A. Snowe. Astrology for the beginning
Meteorologist. Chicago: Darkweather and Clere, 1987.
Electronic Book
Electronic books
are internet-accessible books that
have been digitally uploaded to the internet. These electronic
versions of books are based on actual print versions of the same
book so the citation is similar. In addition to the author(s),
title, and publication information, also give the title
(underlined) of the site hosting the book as well as the date of
access and the internet address of the site hosting the book.
Author(s). Title of Book. Year of publication. Title of
site hosting book. Date of access
<website of book>.
Benson, John F. and Maggie Roe. Landscape and sustainability.
New York: Routledge,
2007. NetLibrary. 21 May 2008 <http://www.netlibrary.com>.
Encyclopedia Articles & Reference Books
When citing familiar
reference books, do not give full publication information; list only
the edition (if stated) and the year of publication.
Author of Article (if given).
“Article Title.” Title of Book. Edition (ed.) Year.
Mohanty, Jitendra M. “Indian
Philosophy.” The New Encyclopedia Brittanica:
Macropaedia. 15th ed. 1987.
“Ginsburg, Ruth Bader.” Who’s Who in America. 56th
ed. 2002.
When citing less familiar
reference books, include full publication information including
editor (if stated), number of volumes, place of publication,
publisher and the year of publication:
Le Patourel,
John. “Normans and Normandy.” Dictionary of the Middle Ages.
Ed. Joseph
R. Strayer. 13 vols. New York: Scribner’s, 1987.
Journal Article
Scholarly journals tend to rely on
their volume numbers rather than a date to identify individual
issues. The main things to include in citing a journal article are:
author’s name, title of article, title of periodical, issue
information (volume, issue number, month or season), year, and the page
numbers of the article. If a journal has a volume and issue number,
combine the two numbers with a period. For example, Volume 4 Issue
57 would become 4.57.
Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume
number.Issue number(if given) (Year):
Page numbers.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C. “Consequences of Young Mothers’ Marital
Histories for Children’s
Cognitive Development.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 59
(1997): 245-61.
Article from an Online Periodical
Online periodicals, including
scholarly journals, newspapers, and magazines, are accessible
through Grossmont College’s
databases. In order to cite these articles, it is necessary to
include not only the author, title, and name of journal but also the
name of the database (underlined) used to access the article, the
name of the service, the name of the library or library system
subscribing to the service, the date of access, and the internet
address of the service’s home page.
Author. “Article Title.” Journal Title volume
number.issue number(if given) (Date of
publication): Page numbers. Database. Name of service (if
known). Name & location
of subscribing library. Date of access <internet address of
service’s home page (if
known)>.
Balling, Robert. “Hard Choices: Climate Change in Canada.” Annals
of the Association of
American Geographers. 95.3 (2005): 712-713. Academic Search
Premier. EBSCO.
Grossmont College Lib., El Cajon, CA. 29 February 2008
<http://www.ebscohost.com/>.
Website
The typical entry for a website
consists of the title of the site, the editor of the site, the
electronic publication information (such as when it was published or
last updated), the name of the sponsoring institution or
organization and finally the date of access and URL. If you cannot
find some of this information or some parts are unavailable, cite
what is available.
Title of the site. Name of the editor of site (if given). Publication info (if
given) such as
date of electronic publication, date of latest update, name of any
sponsoring
institution or organization. Date of access and <URL>.
Librarians’ Internet Index. 2008. 5 May 2008 <http://lii.org/>.
The Cinderella Project. Ed. Michael N.
Salda. Vers. 1.2. Oct. 2005. de Grummond
Children's Literature Research Collection, University of Southern
Mississippi. 5
May 2008. <http://www.usm.edu/english/fairytales/cinderella/
cinderella.html>.
ADDITIONAL MLA
RESOURCES:
·
Check out & print Grossmont College Library’s
MLA Quick Guide for fast & easy reference.
·
Also check out
UC Berkeley’s MLA Citation Guide.
·
Let
NoodleBib generate an MLA citation for you.
·
Let
Citation Machine generate an MLA citation for you.
·
If using
Word 2007, learn how to manage your Works Cited page
as you type your essay.
APA –
American Psychological Association Style
The American Psychological
Association (APA) style is most widely used for papers published in
the social and behavioral science fields such as psychology,
sociology, history, and political science. The information in this
section is taken from the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association, which can be located in the Grossmont
College Library with call number BF 76.7 P83 2001 at the Reference
Desk and in Reference Books; it is also available for purchase at
the beginning of the semester at the Grossmont College Bookstore.
For questions not addressed here, please
refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, or
ask a librarian.
Getting Started
There are two parts to
creating a citation in the APA style. The first part of
creating a citation is making a brief note in parentheses in the
text of your paper (called an in-text citation) to show when you use
words or ideas taken from another source. APA style requires the use
of parentheses to cite sources rather than footnotes or endnotes. To
cite information, include the author’s name in the text of your
paper or in parentheses, and the date the source was published in
parentheses. If you quote from another source or refer to a
specific part of a source, also include the page number in your
citation. The following examples show different formats for in-text
citations:
Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to
Pythagoras, who lived in the
sixth century BC (Marcuse, 1975).
[In this example, both author’s name and date of
publication are placed in parentheses.]
According to Marcuse (1975), ancient writers attribute the invention
of the monochord to
Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC.
[In this example, the author’s name is used
in the text, so only the date of publication is placed in
parentheses.]
“Emotions also set the boundaries for proper social behavior within
a community. Widely
known and shared feelings of fairness often deter people from
behaving selfishly”
(Mellers, 2000, p. 921).
[In this example, the page number is listed because it is a direct
quotation from a source.]
The brief note in parenthesis, or
“in-text citation”, alerts the reader that we found the information
presented in the first two examples in a source written by someone
with the last name Marcuse, and that the date of publication
of the source was 1975.
The second part of creating a
citation is providing specific information about each in-text
citation at the end of your paper. By giving the readers of your
paper the author, title, and publication information of each
source, you provide them with necessary information they will need to
access the same materials. This step also helps create a record of
the research you did.
This
additional information should be listed on the last page of your
paper titled "References." Entries on this page, as well as the body
of your paper, should be double-spaced. In the following example of
a References page based on the in-text citations above, notice that
authors are listed in alphabetical order by last name and that if a
citation is more than on line, additional lines are indented:
References
Marcuse, S. (1975). A Survey of Musical Instruments. New
York: Harper.
Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of
consequences. Psychological
Bulletin, 126(6), 910-924.
The APA style guide provides
specific instructions on how to format the citations placed on the
References page for different sources used. Formats with examples of
common sources you may cite are below. While these are merely a few
types of common sources to point you in the right direction, there
are more listed in the linked materials at the bottom of this page.
If you have further questions, please consult the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association which can be
located in the Grossmont College Library with call number BF 76.7
P83 1994 at the Reference Desk and in Reference Books. You may also
ask a librarian.
SELECTED FORMATS IN APA STYLE:
Book Format (with one author)
Take the title from the title
page, not from the spine or cover. Publication information
should also be taken from the title page or from the back
of the title page. The author’s name should be
reversed: Last Name, First Name.
For the author’s name, use the last
name, and author’s initials for first and middle names. There should
be a space between initials if you use both first and middle
initials (e.g. Rowling, J. K. instead of Rowling, J.K.). The date of
publication should be listed in parentheses after the author and
there should be a period outside of the second parenthesis.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Initial. (Date of publication).
Title of book. City of
publication: Publisher.
Skidmore, T. (2005). Modern Latin America. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Book Format (with multiple authors)
For two or more authors use an
ampersand (&) before the last author; for three or more authors, use
commas to separate all but the last two authors (which have an
ampersand between them).
Howe, R. & Trott, S. (1977). The power peddlers. Garden
City, NY: Doubleday.
Merk, J. S., Fogg I. J. & Snowe, C. A. (1987). Astrology for the
beginning Meteorologist.
Chicago: Darkweather and Clere.
Electronic Book
Electronic books
are internet-accessible books that
have been digitally uploaded to the
internet. These electronic
versions of books are based on actual print versions of the same
book so the citation is similar. In addition to the author(s), date,
title, and publication
information, also give the date retrieved and
the source or title of the site hosting the
electronic book.
Author(s). Date. Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Retrieved Month day, year, from
Source.
Benson, J. F. & Roe, M. (2007). Landscape and sustainability.
London: Routledge.
Retrieved May 21, 2008 from NetLibrary.
Encyclopedia Articles & Reference Books
Author(s). (Date of publication). Article title. In Name of
encyclopedia (Volume, Pages).
Place of Publication: Publisher.
Bergman, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia
Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-
508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
If an encyclopedia article does not have an author, place the title
in the author position:
Relativity.
(1993). In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp.
501-508). Chicago:
Encylopedia Britannica.
Journal Article
Scholarly journals tend to rely on
their volume numbers rather than a date to identify individual
issues. The main things to include in citing a journal article are:
author’s name, year, title of article, title of periodical, issue
information (volume, issue number, month or season), and the page
numbers of the article.
Author. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal,
Volume number (Issue if
given), Pages.
Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of
consequences. Psychological
Bulletin, 126(6), 910-924.
Article from an Online Periodical
Online periodicals, including
scholarly journals, newspapers, and magazines, are accessible
through Grossmont College’s
databases.
In order to cite these articles, it is necessary to include not only
the author, year, title, name of journal, volume number (and issue if
given), and pages, but also the retrieval date and the name of the
database hosting the online article.
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of
Periodical, Volume, Pages.
Retrieved month day, year, from Source/Database name.
Cylke, F. K., Moodie, M. M., & Fistick, R. E. (2007). Serving the
blind and physically
handicapped in the United States of America. Library Trends, 55(4),
796-808.
Retrieved February 14, 2008 from Academic Search Premier.
Website
A website citation should include as much
information from the following as possible: author, date of
publication/update, title, retrieval date, website address.
Author(s). (Date of publication/update). Title of document.
Retrieval date, from website
address
Brians, P. (2008, Feb. 22). The Chernobyl poems of Lyubov Sirota.
Retrieved May 13,
2008, from http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/chernobyl_poems/chernobyl_index.
html
If the author(s) of a website is not given, begin the reference
with the title of the document:
Global warming fast facts. (2007, June 14). Retreived May 13, 2008,
from http://news.
nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1206_041206_global_warming.html
If there is no date given use “n.d.” – which stands for “no date”
– in place of the date:
San Diego zoo panda news. (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2008 from http://www.sandiegozoo.
org/news/panda_news.html
ADDITIONAL APA RESOURCES:
Check out & print Grossmont College Library’s
APA Quick Guide
for
fast & easy reference.
·
Also check out
UC Berkeley’s APA Citation Guide.
· Let
NoodleBib generate an APA citation for you.
· Let
Citation Machine generate an APA citation for you.
· If
using
Word 2007, learn how to manage your Works Cited page
as you type your essay.
Chicago Style
While Chicago style is widely used,
it is most commonly consulted for papers published in the
humanities and history fields. The information in this section is
taken from The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed,
which can be located in the Grossmont College Library with call
number LB 2369 C44 2003 at the Reference Desk and in Reference
Books; it is also available for purchase at the beginning of the
semester at the Grossmont College Bookstore. For questions you may have
which are not addressed here, please refer to the The Chicago
Manual of Style, or
ask a librarian.
Getting Started
There are two different ways of
citing sources in the Chicago style. The first, known as the
Author-Date system, is similar to other widely used style guides
such as MLA and APA style. This style will be discussed in detail
below. The second, the Documentary-Note (or Humanities) system, is
traditionally used in the social sciences and humanities. For
discussions of this style, please refer to The Chicago Manual of
Style or
ask a librarian.
Author-Date system
There are two parts to
creating a citation in the Chicago style Author-Date system. The
first part of creating a citation is making a brief note in
parentheses in the text of your paper (called an in-text citation)
to show when you use words or ideas taken from another source. If
you quote from another source or refer to a specific part of a
source, also include the page number in your citation. The following
are examples:
Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to
Pythagoras, who lived in the
sixth century BC (Marcuse 1975).
[In this example, both author’s name and date of
publication are placed in parentheses.]
According to Marcuse (1975), ancient writers attribute the
invention of the monochord to
Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC.
[In this example, the author’s name is used
in the text, so only the date of publication is placed in
parentheses.]
“Emotions also set the boundaries for proper social behavior
within a community. Widely
known and shared feelings of fairness often deter people from
behaving selfishly”
(Mellers 2000, 921)
[In this example, the page number is listed because it is a direct
quotation from a source.]
The brief note in parentheses, or
“in-text citation”, alerts the reader that the information presented
in this sentence is in a source written by someone with the last
name Marcuse, and that the date of publication of the source
was 1975.
The second part of creating a
citation is providing specific information about each in-text
citation at the very end of a paper. By providing the readers of
your paper with the Author, Title, and Publication Information of
your source of information, you not only give credit to another
person for their words and/or ideas but also create a record of the
research you did.
This additional information should be listed on the last page of
your paper and titled one of the following: References, Works
Cited, Literature Cited, or Sources Cited.
In the following example
of a References page based on the in-text citations above, notice
that authors are listed in alphabetical order by last name and that
if a citation is more than one line, additional lines are indented.
Also note that
individual citations that require more than one line are
single-spaced (see Mellers example), while double-spacing is used
between the individual citations.
References
Marcuse, S. (1975). A Survey of Musical Instruments. New
York: Harper.
Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of
consequences. Psychological
Bulletin, 126(6), 910-924.
The Chicago Manual of Style provides
specific instructions on how to format the citations placed on the
References (or Works Cited, Literature Cited, Sources Cited) page
for different types of sources used. Formats with examples of common
sources you may cite are below. While these are merely a few types
of common sources to point you in the right direction, there are
more listed in the linked materials at the bottom of this page. If
you have further questions, please consult The Chicago Manual of
Style which can be located in the Grossmont College Library with call number LB 2369 C44 2003 at the Reference Desk and in
Reference Books or
ask a librarian.
SELECTED FORMATS IN CHICAGO STYLE (AUTHOR-DATE SYSTEM):
Book with one author
In writing an author’s name, use the
author’s full name. Do not abbreviate the author’s first name unless
the author generally only uses their initials (such as Rowling, J.
K. or Eliot, T. S.).
Author’s last name, Author’s first name. Date of publication.
Title in italics. Place of
publication: Publisher’s name.
Barbour, Ian. 1974. Myths, models, and paradigms: A comparative
study in science and
religion. New York: Harper and Row.
Book with multiple authors
When citing multiple authors, only
the first author’s name is reversed (last name first). Subsequent
authors are given with the first name first and are separated by a
comma. However, a comma is not placed before the final authors name;
use “and” before the final author’s name.
Unwin, Liam P. and Joseph Galway. 1984. Calm in Ireland.
Boston: Stronghope Press.
Merk, Jane S., Ida J. Fogg, and Charles A. Snowe. 1987. Astrology
for the beginning
meteorologist. Chicago: Darkweather and Clere.
Electronic Book
Electronic books
are internet-accessible books that
have been digitally uploaded to the internet. These electronic
versions of books are based on actual print versions of the same
book so the citation is similar. In addition to the author(s),
title, and year of publication of the book, also give the internet
address of the site hosting the book as well as the date of access.
Author(s). Date. Title of book. Place of publication:
Publisher’s name. Internet address of site
hosting e-book (accessed Month date, year).
Benson, John F. and Maggie Roe. 2007. Landscape and
sustainability. London: Routledge.
http://www.netlibrary.com (accessed May 20, 2008).
Encyclopedia Articles
Encyclopedia articles are not cited
in your list of References at the end of your paper. Rather, include
the title of the encyclopedia, the edition, and the author of the
article in the text of your paper:
“In his article about Burma in the international edition of the
Encyclopedia Americana,
Silverstein points out that…”
“According to Rouse, in his article in the international edition of
the Encyclopedia Americana,
Carib Indians were…”
Journal Article
Scholarly journals tend to rely on
their volume numbers rather than a date to identify individual
issues. The main things to include in citing a journal article are:
author’s name, year, title of article, title of periodical, issue
information (volume, issue number, month or season), and the page
numbers of the article.
Author. Date. Title of article. Title of Journal Volume
number (issue number if given): Page
numbers of article.
Bennet, John W.
1946. The interpretation of Pueblo culture: A question of values.
Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 2: 361-74.
Article from an Online Periodical
Online periodicals, including
scholarly journals, newspapers, and magazines, are accessible
through Grossmont College’s
databases.
In order to cite these articles, it is necessary to include not only
the author, title, name of journal, volume number (and issue if
given), and page numbers, but also to give the website of the
database hosting article as well as the date accessed.
Author. Date. Title of article. Title of Journal Volume
number (issue number if given): Page
numbers of article. Website of
database hosting article (and date accessed).
Schneider,
Stephen H. 2004. Warning of warming. Nature 427(6971):
197-198.
http://www.ebscohost.com (accessed May 20, 2008).
Website
For websites, give as much information from the following as
possible: author, date of publication/update, title, website address
(and date accessed).
Author (if given). Date. Title. Web address (and date accessed).
Brians, Paul. 2008. The Chernobyl poems of Lyubov Sirota. http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/
chernobyl_poems/chernobyl_index.html
(accessed May 20, 2008).
Turabian Style
Turabian style, which is based on
the Chicago Manual of Style, requires the use of footnotes or
endnotes and a bibliography. For details on how to format citations
in Turabian style, please consult A Manual for Writers of Term
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations which can be found in the
Grossmont College Library with
call number LB 2369 T8 1996 at the Reference Desk and in Reserves.
In addition, please feel free to consult the
resources below
or
ask a librarian.
ADDITIONAL
CHICAGO & TURABIAN RESOURCES:
· Check
out & print
UC Berkeley’s Chicago/Turabian Citation Guide.
· Check
out & print
Ohio State’s Turabian Citation Guide.
· Let
Citation Machine generate a Chicago style citation for
you.
· Let
Citation Machine generate a Turabian style citation
for you.
· If
using
Word 2007, learn how to manage your Works Cited page
as you type your essay.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which style guide format should I use?
Individual instructors determine
which style guide they would like used by students in their course.
To determine which style guide to use please consult each of your
course syllabuses or your instructor.
Why cite sources?
By citing sources in your paper, you
are letting readers of your paper know when you present ideas that
you have taken from another person’s work. It is necessary to give
credit to other authors if we quote them or even if we present
general ideas taken from them. By creating a record of these sources
at the end of your paper (on a Works Cited or References page) you
allow your readers to do further research into the sources you used,
and you also maintain a record of the research that went into your
paper-writing process.
Why are style guides used?
Style guides are used for multiple
reasons. One reason is to help a writer prepare an article or book
for publication. Style guides ensure that all the articles in a
journal have the same format or style to maintain consistency.
Another reason style guides are used is for clarity of reading. By
including in-text citations and a references/works cited page, a
writer creates an easy-to-read format that tells readers where
information was taken from.
What are the differences between style guides?
There are many differences between
style guides but the majority of differences are specific details
about how to format a paper for publication. For instance, in APA
style the final page of your paper which includes your sources is
titled “References” while in MLA it is titled “Works Cited”. The
final page in Chicago style is different still; Chicago style allows
for this final page to be titled any one of the following:
References, Works Cited, Literature Cited, or Sources Cited.
Another difference between the
different style guides is that they are predominantly used in
specific fields. MLA style, for instance, is widely used in the
liberal arts and humanities fields while APA style is widely used in
the social and behavioral sciences fields.
What should I do if the source I want to cite in my paper is not in
the examples of this webpage?
If you get stuck on how to format a
particular source, a good place to start is the text that
corresponds to the particular formatting style you are using. If you
are formatting your paper in APA style, for instance, you should
consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association. Similarly, if you are formatting your
paper in MLA style you should consult the MLA Handbook for
Writers of Research Papers. These texts discuss how to
format specific sources in great length, and copies of these as well
as the corresponding texts to Chicago style and Turabian style are
available at the Grossmont College Library. Another option is
to
ask a librarian.
at the Library
