HISTORY OF AMERICAN POLICING DIVIDED INTO
THREE ERAS (MORE FOLLOWS ON EACH)
THE POLITICAL ERA
THE REFORM ERA
THE COMMUNITY PROBLEM-SOLVING ERA
THE POLITICAL ERA (1840 - 1930)
CLOSE TIES BETWEEN POLICE AND POLITICIANS
FIRST EMPHASIS ON MAKING POLITICIANS HAPPY
THE REFORM ERA (1930 1970)
PROFESSIONAL CRIME FIGHTING
POLICE RESOURCES FOCUSED ON ARRESTS
THE COMMUNITY PROBLEM-SOLVING ERA (1970
TO NOW)
A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN POLICE AGENCIES AND COMMUNITIES
STYLES OF POLICING (MORE FOLLOWS ON EACH)
THE WATCHMAN STYLE
THE LEGALISTIC STYLE
THE SERVICE STYLE
THE WATCHMAN STYLE
CONSIDERABLE USE OF POLICE DISCRETION
MORE EMPHASIS ON CRIME CONTROL THAN CRIME PREVENTION
COPS DISTANCED FROM THE PEOPLE THEY SERVE
THE LEGALISTIC STYLE
LAW ENFORCEMENT IS ONLY CONCERN
NO INTEREST IN SOCIAL PROBLEMS
ENFORCING THE LETTER OF THE LAW
THE SERVICE STYLE
POLICE SEE THEMSELVES AS HELPERS OF THE COMMUNITY IN THE WAR ON CRIME
LEGAL SOLUTIONS NOT THE ONLY ONES
LINKED TO THE COMMUNITY PROBLEM-SOLVING ERA
COMMUNITY POLICING
POLICE CALLS FOR SERVICE EXCEED CALLS FOR ARRESTS
FOUR ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY POLICING
(1) COMMUNITY-BASED CRIME PREVENTION
(2) POLICE PATROL EMPHASIZES NON-EMERGENCY SERVICES
(3) INCREASED ACCOUNTABILITY TO THE PUBLIC
(4) DECENTRALIZED COMMAND
A SHIFT IN FOCUS
POLICE ARE NOW ONE OF MANY AGENCIES HELPING THE PUBLIC
ARRESTS ARE LESS IMPORTANT THAN PREVENTED CRIMES
THE CONCERNS OF THE PUBLIC ARE THE CONCERNS OF THE POLICE
CRITICISMS OF COMMUNITY POLICING
NOT ALL POLICE WILLING TO CHANGE
GOALS BECOME DIFFICULT TO MEASURE
SCIENTIFIC POLICE MANAGEMENT
THE KANSAS CITY EXPERIMENT
THE KANSAS CITY GUN EXPERIMENT
THE MINNEAPOLIS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXPERIMENT
THE NEWPORT NEWS EXPERIENCE
POLICE DISCRETION
EXERCISING CHOICE
FACTORS INFLUENCING POLICE DISCRETION:
OFFICERS BACKGROUND
SUSPECTS CHARACTERISTICS
DEPARTMENTAL POLICY
COMMUNITY INTEREST
PRESSURE FROM VICTIM
DISAGREEMENT WITH THE LAW
AVAILABLE ALTERNATIVES