Molecular models write-up

For this experiment you only need to turn in the pages from the lab manual. There is no formal report. The three paragraphs explaining what you learned from spartan will need to be attached to the lab.

Grading

For Lewis Structures --

+1 point for # valence electrons

+ 2 points for correct Lewis Electron Dot Structure (Get this correct! If you miss this, you will lose the remainder of the points for this section. Ask if you are not sure. I will help you.)

+1 point for correct formal charges if not zero.

+1 point for appropriate resonance structures.

+1 point for molecular geometry (3D structure) both draw a picture and write the name of the molecular geometry.

+1 point for correct hybridization

+1 point for orbital geometry

6-8 points per molecule

For Spartan work --

+ 1 for dipole drawn correctly

+1 for bond angles

+1 for dipole moment

+2 for color drawing describing location of electron density

4-6 points per molecule

Paragraphs will be worth 3 points each.

General hints

HCN – tell the hybridization of both the C and N

NO₂ – show both resonances structures and charges

O₃ – show resonance structures and charges

SO₃^-2 – don’t forget charges

SO₂ – show resonances structures and charges

P₄ – look on the web for geometry, tell the orbital and molecular geometry around one of the phosphorous atoms. Draw the entire molecule

I₃^-1 – Don’t forget the formal charges

H₂C₂O₄ – skeleton structure is two carbons joined together with an O and and OH on each carbon.

AsCl₃F₂ – You need to be sure and put the F’s in the correct positions.

SO₄^-2 – look for some resonance structures that expand the valence of sulfur. Remember to show the formal charges.

ICl₃ – This is a repeat. Skip it the second time around.

SbClF₅ will not be graded. It may receive some extra credit if you give a convincing structure.

Some hints on the organic molecules

C₆H₆ is benzene. Show the two resonance structures for this molecule. Tell the 3-D structure, hybridization, and orbital geometry for one of the carbons.

C₆H₁₂ is cyclohexane. There will be one large ring formed out of the carbon atoms. Tell the 3-D structure, hybridization, and orbital geometry for one of the carbons.

C₃H₆ has two distinct isomers. Draw each one. Do not worry about the 3D structure, hybridization, or orbital geometries here

C₅H₁₀ has many possible variations. Draw 6 distinct possibilities. Do not worry about the 3D structure, hybridization, or orbital geometries here

C₄H₉O is a typo. It should be C₄H₉OH. Draw 4 distinct variations, each will have an OH group attached. Do not try to create any isomers without an OH group! Do not worry about the 3D structure, hybridization, or orbital geometries here

HCHO is formaldehyde. Determine the best structure. Be sure your structure minimizes charge.

CH₃COOH and HCOOH are both carboxylic acids. They have the characteristic structure of a Carbon attached to an O and to an OH. You will need to determine the locations of double bonds.